1.Arrange the following in chronological order.
a. China’s accession to WTO b. Establishment of the EEC
c. Establishment of the EU d. Birth of ARF
Answer: (b) Establishment of the EEC – 1957
(c) Establishment of the EU – 1992
(d) Birth of ARF – 1994
(a) China’s accession to WTO
2.The ‘ASEAN Way’
a. Reflects the life style of ASEAN members
b. A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal
and cooperative
c. The defence policy followed by the ASEAN members
d. The road that connects all the ASEAN members
Answer: (b) A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal
and cooperative.
3.Which of the following nations adopted an ‘open door’ policy?
a. China b. South Korea c. Japan d. USA
Answer: (a) China
4.Fill in the blanks:
(a) The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally
over……..and……..region.
(b) ARF was established in the year……..
(c) China entered into bilateral relations with ………(a major country) in 1972. d) ………..plan influenced the establishment of the organisation for European
Economic Cooperation in 1948.
(e)……….. is the organisation of ASEAN that deals with security.
Answer: (a) Arunachal Pradesh, Aksai Chin,
(b) 1994, (c) the US, (d) Marshall,
(e) Asian Regional Forum.
5.What are the objectives of establishing regional organisations?
Answer: The regional organisations are established with the following
objectives:
- To make regional development at par the fast growing global economy.
- To accelerate economic growth through the social progress and cultural
development. - To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the
principles of United Nations Charter.
6.How does geographical proximity influence the formation of
regional organisations?
Answer: The geographical proximity influences the formation of regional
organisations because:
- It is influenced by almost some historical enmities and weaknesses.
- Sometimes the similar interests come together.
- Even fruitful areas for regional economy are also the result of
geographical proximity.
7.What are the components of the ASEAN Vision 2020?
Answer : The com10nents of ASEAN Vision 2020 can be summed up as
follows:
- An ou.ward looking role in internatioial community.
- To encourage negotiations over conflicts in tie region.
- To mediate tc end the conflicts i.e. Cambodian conflict, East Timor Crisis,
annual discussion on East Asian Cooperatioi through meetings.
8.Name the pillars and the objectives of the ASEAN Community.
Answer: The ASEAN community established the following three pillars:
- The ASEAN Security Community
- The ASEAN Economic Community
- The ASEAN Socio-cultural Community.
The objectives of ASEAN community are as follows:
- Territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontations.
- To accelerate economic growth through social progress and cultural
development. - To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the
principles of the United Nations Charter. - To establish dispute settlement mechanism to resolve economic
disputes. - To create Free Trade Areas for investments, labour and services.
9.In what ways does the present Chinese economy differs from its
command economy?
Answer: The present Chinese economy has adopted the ‘open door policy’
to generate higher productivity by investments of capital and technology. It
differed from its command economy in the following manner:
- It broke stagnancy of command economy.
2.Command economy lagged behind the industrial production but Chinese
economy recovered it by privatisation of agriculture and industry. - The present Chinese economy established new trading laws and created
Special Economic Zones leading higher rise in foreign trade. During
Command economy the international trade was minimal and per capita
income was very low.
10.How did the European countries resolve their post-Second World
War problem? Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation
of the European Union.
Answer: After the end of Second World War in 1945, the European States
confronted the ruin of their economies and the destruction of assumptions
and structures on which Europe had been founded. European countries
resolved their Post Second World War problems in the following manner:
- Under the ‘Marshall Plan’ the USA provided financial help to revive
European economy. - The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO.
- Under the ‘Marshall Plan’ the organisation for European Economic
Cooperation was established in 1948 to extend cooperation on trade and
economic issues among the Western European States. - European Union was founded in 1992 for a common foreign and security
policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs and creation of a single
currency. It evolved from an economic union to political one over time.
The following attempts led to the formation of European Union:
- The Council of Europe was established in 1949 for political cooperation.
- The process of economic integration of European Capitalist countries led
to the formation of European Economic Community in 1957. - The above mentioned processes acquired a political dimension with the
creation of European Parliament. - The collapse of Soviet bloc put Europe on a fast track and resulted in the
establishment of European Union in 1992.
Answer:
11.What makes the European Union a highly influential regional
organisation?
Answer: As a supernational organisation, the European Union
bears economic, political diplomacy and military influence as a
regional organisation in the following manner:
- Economic Influence:
(а) Three times larger share in world trade than the US.
(b) Its currency Euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar.
(c) The EU functions as an important bloc in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). - Political and Diplomatic Influences:
(a) Two members of the EU, Britain and France hold permanent seats in the
Security Council to influence the UN policies.
(b) The EU also includes various non-permanent members of the UNSC. (c)The European Union play an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except the military force i.e. the EU’s dialogue with China on human rights and environmental degradation is remarkable. - Military Influence:
(o) The EU’s combined armed fo^fees are second largest in the world.
(b) Its total expenditure on military is second to the US.
(c) Its two important members— Britain and France also experience nuclear
ascends of 550 nuclear warheads.
(d) The EU is world’s second most important source of space and
communications technology.
Answer:
12.The emerging economies of China and India have great potential
to challenge the unipolar world. Do you agree with the statement?
Substantiate your arguments.
Answer: The Indo-China relations experience strategically organised as
rising economic powers in global politics and to play a major role in Asian
economy after the end of Cold War. It can be proved on the following
grounds:
- The new economic policies of India and China have broken their
economy from stagnancy. - The creation of special economic zones led to a phenomenal rise in
foreign trade. - China has become the most important destination for foreign direct
investment anywhere in the world. Hence, it has large reserves for foreign
exchange to allow it to make big investment in other countries. - At the global level also, India and China have adopted similar policies in
World Trade Organisation to deepen integration with the world economy
to challenge unipolar world.
13.The Peace and prosperity of countries lay in the establishment
and strengthening of regional economic organisations. Justify this
statement.
Answer: The Indo-China relations experience strategically organised as
rising economic powers in global politics and to play a major role in Asian
economy after the end of Cold War. It can be proved on the following
grounds:
- The new economic policies of India and China have broken their
economy from stagnancy. - The creation of special economic zones led to a phenomenal rise in
foreign trade. - China has become the most important destination for foreign direct
investment anywhere in the world. Hence, it has large reserves for foreign
exchange to allow it to make big investment in other countries. - At the global level also, India and China have adopted similar policies in
World Trade Organisation to deepen integration with the world economy
to challenge unipolar world.
14.Identify the contentious issues between China and India. How could
these be resolved for greater cooperation? Give your suggestions.
Answer: The relations with China experience friendly gestures from India
as India signed popular ‘Panchsheel’ to develop Indo-China relations in
1954 and advocated China’s membership to the United Nations. Still, after
1957, various contentious issues arose in Indo-China relations:
- In 1962, military conflict over a border dispute of MacMohan Line
resulted on unwarranted claim by China which now lie in Arunachal
Pradesh and Aksai Chin region of Ladakh. - Differences arose from Chinese take over of Tibet in 1950 which was
protested by India against China. - After Panchsheel, attack by China on India in 1962, to occupy larger
territories of India, created humiliation. - China’s assistance to Pakistan’s nuclear programme also created
differences. - China’s military relations with Bangladesh and Myanmar were viewed as
hostile to Indian interests.
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