NCERT Solutionโ
Question 1:
What were the major developments before the Meiji restoration that made it possible for Japan to modernize rapidly?
Answer:
Several key developments paved the way for Japan’s rapid modernization prior to the Meiji Restoration:
- โ๏ธ Samurai Privileges: Only samurai were permitted to carry swords, limiting arms among peasants.
- ๐ฅ Population Growth: An increasing population stimulated a burgeoning commercial economy.
- ๐งต Silk Industry Development: There were dedicated efforts to develop the silk industry, enhancing economic prospects.
- ๐ Reading Culture: The rise of literacy contributed to a more informed society.
- ๐ฐ Precious Metals Regulation: Exports of precious metals were restricted to preserve wealth.
- ๐ญ Cultural Patronage: Theater and arts received patronage, fostering cultural richness.
- ๐ Land Surveys: Conducting land surveys helped organize agricultural practices and ownership.
Question 2:
Discuss how daily life was transformed as Japan developed?
Answer:
๐ The transformation of daily life in Japan was significant as modernization progressed:
- Patriarchal Shifts: Previously, the patriarchal household system dominated, with extended families living under a single head. However, new family concepts emerged, promoting nuclear families where husbands and wives lived independently.
- ๐ฐ Increased Affluence: The overall affluence of society increased, leading to greater demands for household goods.
- ๐พ Farming Innovations: New forms of farming were adopted, adapting to changing social structures and needs.
Question 3:
How did the Qing dynasty try and meet the challenge posed by the Western powers?
Answer:
๐ซ Unfortunately, the Qing dynasty struggled to address the challenges posed by Western powers effectively. They recognized the need for change but ultimately failed to implement the necessary reforms to adapt and compete with Western advancements.
Question 4:
What were Sun Yat-senโs Three Principles?
Answer:
๐ Sun Yat-sen’s vision for China was encapsulated in his Three Principles:
- Nationalism ๐จ๐ณ
- Democracy ๐ณ๏ธ
- Socialism ๐
Question 5:
Did Japanโs policy of rapid industrialization lead to wars with its neighbors and destruction of the environment?
Answer:
๐ฟ Yes, Japan’s rapid industrialization had profound consequences:
- Environmental Impact: Industrial development significantly affected the environment, leading to resource exploitation.
- ๐ Colonial Ambitions: The pursuit of colonies became essential to secure raw materials and markets for manufactured goods, resulting in conflicts with neighboring countries.
Question 6:
Do you think that Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China were successful in liberating China and laying the basis for its current success?
Answer:
โ๏ธ Mao Zedong and the Communist Party were indeed pivotal in China’s liberation and the foundation for its modern success:
- Post-Sun Yat-sen Era: After Sun Yat-sen’s death in 1925, Chiang Kai-shek led the Guomindang but neglected Sun’s revolutionary principles. In contrast, Mao founded the Communist Party in 1921, aiming to address the needs of the peasantry.
- ๐ช Formation of the Red Army: Mao established the Red Army to support the Peasant Movement and engaged in guerilla warfare against Chiang’s forces, defeating them multiple times until the Long March in 1934.
- ๐ค United Front Proposal: In 1935, Mao proposed a united front against Japan, which Chiang initially rejected, leading to Mao’s temporary imprisonment.
- ๐ Post-War Politics: Following World War II, despite Chiang’s initial reluctance, a coalition was formed to combat Japan. However, tensions resumed after the war, leading to Chiang’s retreat to Taiwan in 1949, while Mao emerged as the Chairman of the Chinese government, a position he held until his death.
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