Question 1: Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as
(a) Coast
(b) Island
(c) Peninsula
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Peninsula
(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called
(a) Himachal
(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Purvachal
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Purvachal
(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as
(a) Coromandel
(b) Konkan
(c) Kannad
(d) Northern Circar
Answer:
(c) Kannad
(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is
(a) Anai Mudi
(b) Kanchenjunga
(c) Mahendragiri
(d) Khasi
Answer:
(c) Mahendragiri
Question 2: Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What is the bhabar?
(ii) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
(iii) Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?
(iv) Name the island group of India having coral origin.
Answer:
(i) The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar.
(ii) The three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south are the Great Himalayas/Inner Himalayas/Himadri (Northernmost division), the Lesser Himalayas/Himachal and the Shiwaliks (Southernmost division).
(iii) Malwa plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges.
(iv) Lakshadweep Islands are composed of small coral islands.
Question 3: Distinguish between
(i) Bhangar and Khadar
(ii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
Answer:
(i) Bhangar:
The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium They lie above the flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace-like feature. This part is known as bhangar.
Khadar:
The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits locally known as kankar. The newer, younger deposits of the flood plains are called khadar. They are renewed almost every year and so are fertile, thus, ideal for intensive agriculture.
(ii) Western Ghats:
“The Western Ghats are taller than the Eastern Ghats. They cause rain by directing moist winds to rise along their western slopes. The highest peaks include Anai Mudi (2,695 meters) and Doda Betta (2,637 meters).”
Eastern Ghats:
“The Eastern Ghats extend from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nilgiris in the south. They are broken and irregular, with rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The highest peak is Mahendragiri (1,501 meters). Shevroy Hills and Javadi Hills lie to the southeast of the Eastern Ghats.”
Question 4: Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.
Answer:
The northern plains, the Himalayan mountains, the Indian desert, the peninsular plateau, the islands, and the coastal plains are the major physiographic divisions of India. The Himalayan region is part of the Northern mountains while the Peninsular plateaus are a part of the Gondwanaland.
Question 5: Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.
Answer:
The northern plains are formed by the interplay of 3 major Himalayan River systems: The Indus River, the Ganga River, and the Brahmaputra river- along with their tributaries. The alluvial soil that is brought down by the rivers from the Himalayan Mountain also has resulted in the formation of the northern plains.
Question 6: Write short notes on the following.
(i) The Indian Desert
(ii) The Central Highlands
(iii) The Island groups of India
Answer:
(i) This Indian Desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravalli Hills. It is a sandy plain and considered to be the hottest region in the country in daytime but nights are cold. The region receives scanty rainfall which is usually less than 25 cm. Rainfall, whatever it is, occurs in the months of July and August. Luni is the only notable river in the region. Barchans (crescent-shaped sand dunes) largely cover the area.
(ii) Central Island, also known as Crocodile Island, is a volcanic island located in the middle of Lake Turkana in Kenya. It is also the location of Central Island National Park, which is governed by the Kenya Wildlife Service. It is composed of more than a dozen craters and cones, three of which are filled by small lakes.
(iii) India has two groups of islands. One group of islands is in the Arabian Sea and the other group of islands are in the Bay of Bengal.
- Andaman and Nicobar of Islands
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal.
- These islands are scattered, numerous islands come under this group of islands and these islands are bigger in size.
- This entire group of islands are divided into two broad groups, they are Nicobar in the South and Andaman in the North.
- These islands have very high strategic importance for India, as they are located near Malacca strait which connects Indian Ocean and South China Sea.
- These groups of islands have great flora and fauna.
- These islands have thick forest cover, it has an equatorial climate.
- These islands are close to the equator.
- Lakshadweep Islands
- Small coral islands constitute the Lakshadweep Islands.
- These groups of islands were known as the Laccadive, Minicoy and Amin dive.
- These islands were later renamed as Lakshadweep Islands in 1973.
- Bird sanctuary is located in Pitti Island. It is uninhabited.
- Lakshadweep Islands are rich in flora and fauna.
- The administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep Islands are located in Kavaratti Island.
- Lakshadweep Islands are much smaller in size when compared to Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
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