Passage 1
After Germany’s defeat in World War I, the Weimar Republic was established in 1919, attempting to create a democratic government. However, the Republic faced numerous problems. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) imposed harsh terms on Germany, including heavy reparations and territorial losses, leading to widespread resentment. The economy was in shambles, and by 1923, hyperinflation had struck. The value of the German mark plummeted, and many people lost their savings. The economic instability made life difficult for ordinary citizens, and the government struggled to maintain control.
Question 1 What event led to the establishment of the Weimar Republic in 1919?
Answer: The defeat of Germany in World War I.
Question 2 What were the main challenges faced by the Weimar Republic?
Answer: Economic instability, harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and widespread resentment.
Question 3 What was the impact of hyperinflation in 1923 on the German population?
Answer: People lost their savings, and the value of the German mark decreased rapidly.
Question 4 How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany’s economy?
Answer: It imposed heavy reparations, territorial losses, and restrictions, which contributed to economic hardship.
Question 4 What role did economic instability play in the rise of extremist political movements in Germany?
Answer: Economic hardship created dissatisfaction, making people more willing to support radical political groups like the Nazis.
Passage 2
Adolf Hitler, a member of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), capitalized on the frustrations of the German people. In the early 1920s, Hitler became a prominent figure within the Nazi Party, using powerful speeches and propaganda to attract support. He promised to restore Germany’s former glory, reject the Treaty of Versailles, and provide jobs to the unemployed. In 1923, Hitler attempted a failed coup in Munich, known as the “Beer Hall Putsch.” Although it failed, Hitler used his trial to gain national attention, and upon his release from prison, he began rebuilding the Nazi Party. By the early 1930s, the Nazis had gained significant political support, exploiting the economic and social crises facing Germany.
Questions:
Question 1 What political party did Adolf Hitler belong to?
Answer: The National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), or the Nazi Party.
Question 2 What methods did Hitler use to gain popularity in the early 1920s?
Answer: He used powerful speeches and propaganda to attract support.
Question 3 What did Hitler promise to the German people?
Answer: He promised to restore Germany’s former glory, reject the Treaty of Versailles, and provide jobs.
Question 4 What was the Beer Hall Putsch, and what was its outcome?
Answer: It was a failed coup attempt in Munich in 1923, and although it failed, it gave Hitler national attention.
Question 5 How did Hitler use his prison time after the Beer Hall Putsch to his advantage?
Answer: He used his trial to gain publicity, and upon his release, he began rebuilding the Nazi Party.
Passage 3
In the early 1930s, the Nazi Party’s popularity soared, particularly during the Great Depression, which deepened the economic crisis. The Weimar government became increasingly unstable, and many elites, including industrialists and conservatives, believed Hitler could be used to restore order. In January 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. Although initially not a majority leader, Hitler quickly consolidated power, using a mix of legal means, violence, and propaganda. Once in office, he moved rapidly to eliminate political opposition and establish a totalitarian regime. The Reichstag Fire in February 1933 gave Hitler a pretext to arrest political enemies and curtail civil liberties.
Questions:
Question 1 What event increased the Nazi Party’s popularity in the early 1930s?
Answer: The Great Depression, which deepened the economic crisis.
Question 2 Why did some elites and conservatives support Hitler’s rise to power?
Answer: They believed Hitler could restore order and stability to Germany.
Question 3 What position was Hitler appointed to in January 1933?
Answer: He was appointed as Chancellor of Germany.
Question 4 How did Hitler consolidate power after becoming Chancellor?
Answer: He used a combination of legal means, violence, and propaganda to eliminate opposition and establish control.
Question 5 What was the significance of the Reichstag Fire in February 1933?
Answer: It provided Hitler with a pretext to arrest political enemies and curtail civil liberties.
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