Question 1: Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following minerals are formed by the decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) Coal
(b) Bauxite
(c) Gold
(d) Zinc
Answer: (b) Bauxite
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand, is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) Bauxite
(b) Mica
(c) Iron Ore
(d) Copper
Answer: (b) Mica
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of which of the following rocks?
(a) Sedimentary Rocks
(b) Metamorphic Rocks
(c) Igneous Rocks
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Sedimentary Rocks
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) Oil
(b) Uranium
(c) Thorium
(d) Coal
Answer: (c) Thorium
Question 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
(a) ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
Answer:
- Ferrous minerals: iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc.
- Non-ferrous minerals: gold, copper, zinc, etc.
(b) conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
Answer:
- Conventional energy sources: firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydel and thermal electricity.
- Non-conventional energy sources: solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, atomic energy.
(ii) What is a mineral?
Answer:
Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a distinct internal structure. They vary widely in nature, from hard diamonds to soft talc.
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals can be found in cracks, crevices, faults, or joints. Smaller deposits are called veins, while larger ones are known as lodes.
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Answer:
Mineral deposits constitute only one percent of the Earth’s crust. Conservation of mineral resources is crucial because the geological processes of mineral formation occur at a slow pace, resulting in replenishment rates much lower than current consumption rates.
Question 3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India
Answer:
In India, coal is found in rock series from two main geological ages:
1. Gondwana (200 million years old)
2. Tertiary deposits (55 million years old)
Major resources of Gondwana coal are located in:
– Damodar Valley (West Bengal – Jharkhand) – Jharia, Raniganj, and Bokaro are important coalfields.
– Godavari valley
– Mahanadi valley
– Son valley
– Wardha valley
Tertiary coal occurs in northeastern states like Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer:
Solar energy in India shows promise due to its tropical climate, especially in rural areas. The largest solar plant near Bhuj uses solar energy to sterilize milk cans. This shift from firewood and dung cakes to solar power conserves the environment and ensures agricultural manure. Solar energy, renewable and non-conventional, lessens reliance on oil and gas.
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