Passage 1
Boys and girls are brought up to believe that the main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children. This is reflected in a sexual division of labour in most families: women do all work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc., and men do all the work outside the home. It is not that men cannot do housework; they simply think that it is for women to attend to these things. When these jobs are paid for, men are ready to take up these works. Most tailors or cooks in hotels are men. Similarly, it is not that women do not work outside their home. In villages, women fetch water, collect fuel and work in the fields.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: What is the main belief about women’s responsibilities according to the passage?
Answer: The main belief is that the primary responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children.
Question 2: How is the sexual division of labour typically reflected in most families?
Answer: In most families, women do all the work inside the home, such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, and looking after children, while men do all the work outside the home.
Question 3: Do men take up household chores when they are paid? Provide an example from the passage.
Answer: Yes, men are willing to take up household chores when they are paid. For example, most tailors or cooks in hotels are men.
Question 4: According to the passage, what types of work do women in villages do outside their home?
Answer: In villages, women fetch water, collect fuel, and work in the fields.
Question 5: Is the reluctance of men to do housework due to their inability to perform these tasks?
Answer: No, it is not because men cannot do housework; they simply believe that these tasks are for women to attend to.
Passage 2
In India the proportion of women in legislature has been very low. One way to solve this problem is to make it legally binding to have a fair proportion of women in the elected bodies. This is what the Panchayati Raj has done in India. One-third of seats in local government bodies – in panchayats and municipalities – are now reserved for women. Now there are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies. Women’s organisations and activists have been demanding a similar reservation of at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: What is the current proportion of women in the legislature in India?
Answer: The proportion of women in the legislature in India has been very low.
Question 2: What solution has been implemented to increase the representation of women in local government bodies in India?
Answer: One solution has been to make it legally binding to reserve one-third of seats in local government bodies, such as panchayats and municipalities, for women.
Question 3: How many elected women representatives are there now in rural and urban local bodies in India?
Answer: There are now more than 10 lakh (1 million) elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies in India.
Question 4: What are women’s organizations and activists demanding regarding the reservation of seats for women in higher legislative bodies?
Answer: Women’s organizations and activists are demanding a similar reservation of at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women.
Question 5: What is the aim of reserving one-third of seats in panchayats and municipalities for women?
Answer: The aim is to increase the representation of women in local government bodies and address the low proportion of women in the legislature.
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