Question 1: Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years
during the Census and some of details are presented in the
following format. Fill up the following based on information on
Palampur.
a). LOCATION:
Answer: LOCATION: Bulandshahar district, Western Uttar Pradesh
b). TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE:
Answer: TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE: 226 hectares
c). LAND USE (in hectares)
Answer: c. LAND USE (in hectares)
| Cultivated Land | Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground) | |
| Irrigated | Unirrigated | |
| 200 hectares | – | 26 ectares |
d). FACILITIES:
Answer: FACILITIES:
| Educational | 2 primary schools and 1 high school |
| Medical | 1 primary health centre and 1 private dispensary |
| Market | Raiganj and Shahpur |
| Electricity Supply | Most of the houses have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used in various types of small businesses. |
| Communication | Well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns. 3 kms from Raiganj. All-weather road connects it to Raiganj and further on to Shahpur. Many kinds of transport like bullock carts, tongas, bogeys, motorcycles, jeeps, tractors and trucks are present. |
| Nearest Town | Shahpur |
Question 2: Modern farming methods require more inputs which
are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
Answer:
Modern farming relies on high-yield seeds, chemicals, machinery like tractors, and irrigation systems. These are all produced in industries. Compared to traditional methods, modern farming uses more industrial resources.
Question 3: How did the spread of electricity help farmers in
Palampur?
Answer:
The spread of electricity has helped the farmers of Palampur village in the following ways:
- Most of the houses have electric connections.
- Electricity is used to run tubewells in the fields.
- Electricity is used in various types of small business.
Question 4. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation?
Why?
Answer:
India, an agricultural nation, relies heavily on farming for livelihood. However, less than 40% of the cultivated land is irrigated. In rain-fed areas, farming depends on irregular rainfall. To achieve food self-sufficiency, increasing irrigation coverage is crucial.
Question 5. Construct a table on the distribution of land among
the 450 families of Palampur.
Answer:
| Number of families | Land (hectare) |
| 150 | 0 |
| 240 | Less than 2 |
| 60 | More than 2 |
Question 6. Why are the wages for farm Labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Answer:
Farm workers at Palampur village get lower wages than the minimum wages fixed by the government. The minimum wages for a farm labourer are fixed at Rs 115 per day. But farm labourers get only Rs 70 – 80. This happens because of heavy competition for work among the farm labourers at Palampur village.
Question 7: In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?
Answer: Wages:
- Unskilled labourers in New Delhi typically earn a monthly wage ranging from ₹17,234 to ₹17,4941.
- For semi-skilled labourers, the wage is higher, ranging from ₹18,993 to₹19,2791.
- Skilled labourers receive a minimum wage of ₹20,903 to ₹21,2151.
Payment Method:
- These wages are usually paid in cash.
Work Regularity:
- Unskilled, semi-skilled, and skilled labourers often find regular work opportunities, especially in sectors like construction and agriculture.
Debt Situation:
- While some may face financial challenges, such as debt, it varies from individual to individual.
Question 8. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. All farmers in Palampur grow at least two main crops; many are growing potato as the third crop in the past fifteen to twenty years.
Question 9. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
Answer:
A farmer with 1 hectare of land is considered a small farmer. Most of the work is done by the farmer and family members. They use a pair of bullocks for plowing and assist in sowing seeds. During harvest, additional laborers may be hired.
Question 10. How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Answer:
Medium and large farmers usually have surplus cash by selling their farm produce. Since they have land and house, they easily get loan from banks. Small farmers, on the other hand, may not be able to get bank loans. They have to depend on the local merchant and moneylender for loan.
Question 11. On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Answer:
Savita needed money for her farm. She borrowed Rs. 3000 from Tejpal Singh at a high interest rate. To repay, she worked on his field. If she had a bank loan, things would have been better—lower interest and more time for her own farm.
Question 12: Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years. (Optional)
Answer:
- Traditional Methods (Before 1990s):
- Seeds: Farmers used low-yield traditional seeds, requiring less irrigation.
- Fertilizers: Cow dung and natural manures were common.
- Investment: Minimal investment in farming.
- Green Revolution (Late 1960s Onward):
- High-Yield Seeds: Introduced high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of wheat and rice.
- Water Demand: These seeds needed more water and chemical fertilizers.
- Irrigation: Farmers adopted deep tube wells.
- Machinery: Tractors and threshers for faster farming.
Question 13: What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a short list.
Answer:
- Dairy Farming: Milk production from cows and buffalos.
- Handicrafts: Skilled artisans create beautiful crafts.
- Small-Scale Manufacturing: Goods produced on a smaller scale.
- Construction: Building houses and infrastructure.
- Mining and Quarrying: Extracting minerals.
- Transportation: Moving goods and people.
- Community Services: Essential services for the community.
Question 14: What can be done so that more non-farm Production activities can be started in villages?
Answer:
The villagers must be made aware of the non-farm production activities and their benefits. They must also be taught the methods of doing such activities. The villagers who have the impression that they can earn only by farming, must be given proper guidance and help to do such activities.
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