Question 1. Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these correctly based on what you have read in this chapter.
(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be democratic or not after independence.
(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on all provisions of the Constitution.
(c) A country that has a constitution must be a democracy.
(d) Constitution cannot be amended because it is the supreme law of a country.
Answer:
(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about the country being democratic after independence.
(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly worked in a systematic, open, and consensual manner to resolve differences among them.
(c) It is not necessary that a country having a constitution must be a democracy. The constitution of a country can even makes provisions for dictatorship or monarchy. Examples: The Soviet Union and Pakistan.
(d) A Constitution can be amended to keep up with the changes in aspirations of the society. It can also be changed keeping in mind the social, political, and economic conditions of the country.
Question 2. Which of these was the most salient underlying conflict in the making of a democratic constitution in South Africa?
(a) Between South Africa and its neighbours
(b) Between men and women
(c) Between the white majority and the black minority
(d) Between the colored minority and the black majority
Answer:
(c) Between the white majority and the black minority
Question 3. Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have?
(a) Powers of the head of the state
(b) Name of the head of the state
(c) Powers of the legislature
(d) Name of the country
Answer:
(b) Name of the head of the state
Question 4 Match the following leaders with their roles in the making of the Constitution:
a. Motilal Nehru i President of the Constituent Assembly
b. B.R. Ambedkar ii Member of the Constituent Assembly
c. Rajendra Prasad iii Chairman of the Drafting Committee
d. Sarojini Naidu iv Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928
Answer
| (a) Motilal Nehru | (iv) Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928 |
| (b) B.R. Ambedkar | (iii) Chairman of the Drafting Committee |
| (c) Rajendra Prasad | (i) President of the Constituent Assembly |
| (d) Sarojini Naidu | (ii) Member of the Constituent Assembly |
Question 5. Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech ‘Tryst with Destiny’ and answer the following:
(a) Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence?
(b) What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take?
(c) “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye”. Who was he referring to?
Answer:
(a) Nehru used the expression “not wholly or in full measure” because he believed that the monumental task of nation-building could not be accomplished entirely at once. Instead, it would be progressively fulfilled over time.
(b) The pledge that he wanted the makers of the Indian Constitution to take was to dedicate their lives to the service of India, Indians, and humanity at large.
(c) He was referring to Mahatma Gandhi.
Question 6 Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and their meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly.
a. Sovereign i Government will not favour any religion.
b. Republic ii People have the supreme right to make decisions.
c. Fraternity iii Head of the state is an elected person.
d. Secular iv People should live like brothers and sisters.
Answer
| (a) Sovereign | (ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions. |
| (b) Republic | (iii) Head of the state is an elected person. |
| (c) Fraternity | (iv) People should live like brothers and sisters. |
| (d) Secular | (i) Government will not favour any religion. |
Question 7.How did your school celebrate the Constitution Day on November exercises 26th? Prepare a brief report.
Answer
On November 26, our school commemorated Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas) with enthusiasm. Activities included reading the preamble, quiz and essay competitions, insightful lectures on constitutional aspects, an awareness campaign, and distributing translated constitutions. We paid homage to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, upholding democratic ideals.
Question 8. Here are different opinions about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to each of these factors?
(a) Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under British rule.
(b) Freedom Struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic.
(c) We were lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these leaders.
Answer:
(a) While acknowledging the positive aspects learned from British rule, it’s essential to recognize that democracy was not a gift bestowed by them. Indians fought hard and made significant sacrifices to gain freedom. These struggles provided valuable experience and training in the functioning of legislative institutions.
(b) Free India couldn’t be anything but democratic. The suffering under British rule drove home the need for people to have a say in governing the country, making democracy essential.
(c) India’s freedom struggle, guided by leaders with strong democratic values, stands as a remarkable example of a bloodless fight for independence. Unfortunately, the absence of similar ideals has contributed to the undemocratic state of many other nations.
Question 9. Read the following extract from a conduct book for ‘married women’, published in 1912. ‘God has made the female species delicate and fragile both physically and emotionally, pitiably incapable of self-defense. They are destined thus by God to remain in male protection – of the father, husband, and son – all their lives. Women should, therefore, not despair, but feel obliged that they can dedicate themselves to the service of men’. Do you think the values expressed in this para reflected the values underlying our constitution? Or does this go against the constitutional values?
Answer:
- The given paragraph does not reflect the underlying value in our Constitution. It refers to the patriarchal views and endorses the thought of inequality in genders.
- It goes against the constitutional values because in the paragraph women are shown as inferior, unequal as weak and fragile who should serve men. However, the Constitution has provided equal rights to women. They enjoy the right to vote, can take up any job, and are paid equal wages for the same work.
Question 10. Read the following statements about a constitution. Give reasons why each of these is true or not true.
(a) The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law.
(b) Constitution lays down how different organs of the government will be formed.
(c) Rights of citizens and limits on the power of the government are laid down in the constitution.
(d) A constitution is about institutions, not about values.
Answer:
(a) Not True
Constitution is the supreme law. It describes how government elects and their powers, rights of citizens and their protection. This is totally different than any other law.
(b) True
Constitution defines the role of the legislature, the executive and the judiciary and how they should be formed and by whom.
(c) True
Constitutional setup limits the power of government through different institutions and also talks about the right of citizens.
(d) Not True
The Constitution emphasizes core values such as justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It advocates for secularism, socialism, and democracy as the foundation of government.
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