Question 1.
What did Mesopotamian tablets contain? When were these tablets written?
Answer:
The Mesopotamian tablets contained only symbols and numbers. These tablets contained the signs/symbols of fish, bread, leaves and were written around 3200 BCE.
Question 2
Which two things indicate that ‘only a few Mesopotamia’s could read and write’?
Answer:
Two things indicate that only a few’ Mesopotamia’s could read and write are:
- 300 signs were available to read and write. It was a very lengthy procedure.
- Reading and writing of these signs were very complicated
Question 3.
What do you know about sacred temples of Mesopotamia? What were they called?
Answer:
Mesopotamian religion was polytheistic. Each city worshipped different gods and goddesses such as Erline, Marduk, Ashur, etc.
They worshipped their gods and goddesses in temples known as Ziggurats. Ziggurats represented a sacred mountain where gods and men could meet. Early constructed atop a small earthen platform; as the time passed away these platforms became larger and larger giving rise to the classical Mesopotamian Ziggurats. They resembled steep pyramids with a flatfoot on which a shrine would be built. People could reach to this shrine by broad staircase or a ramp.
Question 4.
Illustrate the construction of temple and gradual increasing of activities of temples in Mesopotamia.
Answer:
Mesopotamian temples have played a significant role in the history of Mesopotamia. They constructed temples and dedicated them to their different gods and goddesses. Their temples were dedicated to Nanna, Anu, Enki and Inanna. Besides these four deities, each town had its own deity who was considered to be the protector of the respective town.
Temples of early Mesopotamia were comparatively smaller in size. They were also made of unbaked bricks. With the passage of time, the temple began to take new shape. Their importance as well as size began to increase. They used to build their temples on the hill tops because they believed that God (deities) dwell on the hill-top. These temples were made of baked bricks.
One of the peculiar features of these temples was that their outer walls had inward and outward bend at regular intervals. The temple had a courtyard and there were several rooms around it. The image of the deity was placed in the main room. Some rooms served as dwelling places for priests and other rooms were meant to stay for the pilgrims.
Increasing Activities of the Temples:
- Temples served as center of imparting education, where the priests used to serve as teachers.
- Land attached to temples was also used for industrial purposes.
- Temples were also engaged in sales and purchases of goods and also used to provide advance loans to the traders and charge interest thereon.
- The people offered grains, curd, dates, etc. to serve their deities. They also sacrificed ox, sheep, goat, etc. to offer their blessings.
- Temples also served as the centers for entertainment and provided a common platform for the people to meet each other and get a new boost.
Map
Question 1.
On the map of West Asia mark and locate the famous cities of Mesopotamia.
Answer:
Question 2.
On the map given below mark and locate the following
(i) Zone of agricultural productivity
(ii) Southern limit of zone of rain-fed agriculture
(iii) Mountainous region
Answer:
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