- Passage 1
The interim government took a firm stance against the possible division of India into smaller principalities of different sizes. The Muslim League opposed the Indian National Congress and took the view that the States should be free to adopt any course they liked. Sardar Patel, India’s Deputy Prime Minister and the Home Minister during the crucial period, immediately after Independence, played a historic role in negotiating with the rulers of Princely States in bringing most of them into the Indian Union.
QUESTION / ANSWER
1.Which government has been referred to as the interim government?
Answer: The Indian National Congress has been referred to as the interim government.
2.Why did the Muslim League oppose the Indian National Congress? Answer: The Muslim League opposed the Indian National Congress because it was of the view that the states should be free to adopt any course they liked.
3.What makes the role of Sardar Patel a historic one? Explain.
Answer:Sardar Patel was India’s Deputy Prime Minister and the Home Minister during the crucial period immediately following Independence. He negotiated with the rulers of princely states firmly but diplomatically and brought most of them into the Indian Union.
- Passage 2
We should begin to work in that spirit and in course of time all these angularities of the majority and minority communities, the Hindu community and the Muslim community-because even as regards Muslims you have Pathans, Punjabis, Shias, Sunnis and so on and among the Hindus you have Brahmins, Vaishnavas, Khatris, also Bengalees, Madrasis, and so on-will vanish. … You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed-that has nothing to do with the business of the State.
—Mohammad Ali Jinnah
QUESTION / ANSWER
Answer:
1. Do you think that Jinnah’s statement contradicts the theory which was the basis of creation of Pakistan? Justify your answer.
Answer: Jinnah’s statement does not contradict the ‘Two Nations’ Theory’ as he aimed at the creation of separate state for Muslims without any interference in other communities like Pathans, Punjabis, Shias and Sunnis.
2. What is the essence of Jinnah’s statement in this passage?
Answer: The essence of Jinnah’s statement in this passage is his secular outlook regarding the protection and promotion of every community by giving freedom to practices one’s own beliefs (religiously).
3. To what extent did Pakistan live up to Jinnah’s expectations in this passage?
Answer: Pakistan did not live up to Jinnah’s expectations because Pakistan became an orthodox Muslim country that did not respect interests of another communities after independence.
- Passage 3
We have a Muslim minority who are so large in numbers that they cannot, even if they want, go anywhere else. That is a basic fact about which there can be no argument.. Whatever the provocation from Pakistan and whatever the indignities and horrors inflicted on non-Muslims there, we have got to deal with this minority in a civilized manner. We must give them security and the rights of citizens in a democratic state. If we fail to do so, we shall have a festering sore which will eventually poison the whole body politic and probably destroy it.
—Jawaharlal Nehru
QUESTION / ANSWER
Answer:
1. Why did Jawaharlal Nehru want to deal with the muslim minority in a civilized way?
Answer: Because India adopted democracy which commit equal rights and opportunities to each and every human being in place of dividing them.
2. Why this minority should be given the security and rights-on the same footing as 20 all others in a democratic system?
Answer: It was argued by Jawaharlal Nehru not only for ethical and sentimental reasons but prudential reasons also to realise long cherished goals and principles as socialism, equality, and fraternity.
3.If this minority was not provided security and rights what kind of scenario is envisaged?
Answer: If this minority was not provided security and rights it may effect:
1. Basic nature of democratic system.
2. It is against secular nature of India.
3. It may effect India’s foreign policy also.
4. It may threat to other minorities also.
5. Most important it may lead to disintegration of the nation.
- Passage 4
“In the history of nation-building only the Soviet experiment bears comparison with the Indian. There too, a sense of unity had to be forged between many diverse ethnic groups, religious, linguistic communities and social classes. The scale – geographic as well as demographic – was comparably massive. The raw material the state had to work with was equally unpropitious: a people divided by faith and driven by debt and disease.” —
RAMACHANDRA GUHA
QUESTION / ANSWER
(a) List the commonalities that the author mentions between India and Soviet Union and give one example for each of these from India.
Answer: (a) Commonalities between India and Soviet Union were :
(i) Both the nations were shaped on linguistic basis.
(ii) To promote welfare motives, the economic and technological developments took place in both the countries.
(iii) In both the nations states were divided on the grounds of geographical boundary and strength of populations
(b) The author does not talk about dissimilarities between the two experiments. Can you mention two dissimilarities?
Answer: (b) Dissimilarities between the two experiments:
(i) Soviet Union was divided into 15 independent republics to be disintegrated.
(ii) India maintained its unity and integrity even among diversify ed nature of states and peoples
(c) In retrospect which of these two experiments worked better and why?
Answer: (c) The Indian experiment worked better to promote linguistic and cultural plurality without affecting unity and integrity of the nation.
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