🌍CBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter-4 International Organisations-Extra questions📝

1 Mark Questions

1.Mention any one function of the World Bank. (Delhi 2013)
Answer: World Bank provides loans and grants to the member states, especially to the developing countries.

2.Mention the main function of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). (All India 2013)
Answer: The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is an international organisation which sets the rules for global trade.

3.What is the highest functionary of the UN called? (Delhi 2012)
Answer: Secretary General is the highest functionary of the United Nations.

4.How many member states did the United Nations have until 2006? (Delhi 2012; All India 2010)
Answer: United Nations had 192 members states All 2006.

5.How many founder states signed the United Nations Charter in 1945? (Delhi 2012)
Answer: There were 51 countries who signed the United Nations Charter in 1945.

6.State the main objective of the ‘Human Rights Watch.’ (Delhi 2011)
Answer: Human Rights Watch is an international NGO. Its main objective is to draws the global media’s attention to human rights abuses and advocacy for human rights.

7.Mention the full form of IMF. How many member states does it have? (Delhi 2011, 2010)
OR
Write the full form of IMF. Whi 2010
Answer: The full form of IMF is International Monetary Fund. It has 188 member countries.

8.What is the main function of Allnesty International? (All India 2011)
Answer: Amnesty International is an international NGO which campaigns for the protection of human rights all over the world.
9.What is meant by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)? (Delhi 2010)
Answer: International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organisation that seek to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to prevent its use for military purposes.

2 Marks Questions

1.Nalle one country each from the continents of America, Africa, Asia and Europe, wherein the UN ‘peace keeping operations’ were administered. (All India 2012)
Answer: America Haiti in 2004 Africa Liberia in 2003 Asia India and Pakistan in 1949 Europe Georgia in 1993 and Cyprus in 1964

2.How many member countries have got veto power in the UN Security Council and why? (All indin 2011)
Answer: All five permanent members of the UN have got veto power. The UN Charter gave the permanent members a privileged position to bring about stability in the world after the Second World War.
3.Suggest any two major changes to improve the functioning of the Security Council. (All India 2011)
Answer: TWO major changes to improve the functioning of the Security Council are :

• Number of permanent and non-permanent members to security council of UN is to be increased.
• Veto power of five permanent countries to be withdrawn instantly.

4.What is the main objective of Amnesty International? (All India 2010)
Answer: Main objectives of Amnesty International are :

• To promote respect for all human rights in the Universal declaration of Human Rights.
• To prepare and publish reports on human rights.

5.List any two functions of the General Assembly of the UN. (Delhi 2010)
Answer: Two functions of the General Assembly of the UN are :

• To discuss and make recommendation on any issue under the Ambit of the UN charter.
• To maintain International peace and security.

6.State any two objectives of the Human Rights Watch. (Delhi 2010)
Answer: Human Rights Watch is an international NGO. Two objectives of its are :

• It draws the global media’s attention to human rights abuses.
• It aids in building international coalitions like the campaigns to ban landmines, to stop the use of child soldiers and to establish the International Criminal Court.
  7.Highlight any two objectives of Amnesty International. (Delhi 2010)
  Answer: Amnesty International is an NGO for the protection of human rights all over the world.
  Its objectives are :
• To promote respect for all human rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
• To prepare and publish reports on human rights.

4 Marks Questions.

1.Why do some countries question the issue of India’s inclusion as a permanent member of the UN Security Council? Explain. (Delhi 2016)
Answer: India desires to be a permanent member of the UN Security Council but many countries question the issue of India’s inclusion as a permanent member.

• It is not just Pakistan which is opposing India’s permanent membership, other countries are also questioning it on the basis of India’s nuclear weapons capability. The view of some members is that the conflict between India and Pakistan will make Indian membership ineffective.
• Some other argue that with India’s inclusion, emerging powers such as: Brazil, Germany, Japan, South Africa will also demand for their inclusion on the basis of their unrepresentative structure. And all this makes India’s inclusion a difficult task.

2.What is Human Rights Watch? Describe its main contribution to the field of Human Rights. (All India 2016)
Answer: The Human Rights Watch is an international NGO involved in research and advocacy on human rights.
Main contribution in the field of human right is stated in the points below:

• It is the largest International Human Rights Organisation in the USA.
• It draws the global media’s attention to human rights abuses.
• It helped in building international coalitions like the cAllpaigns to ban landmines, to stop the use of child soldiers and to establish the international criminal court.

3.Critically evaluate the difficulties involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN. (HOTS; Delhi 2015)
Answer: Many difficulties are involved in implementing the suggested reforms to reconstruct the UN. Some of them are discussed below :

1. Many viewed that Security Council no longer represented contemporary political realities. Some criteria were proposed for new permanent members and non-permanent members, such as a major economic power, military power, a nation that respect democracy and human rights, etc. Each of these criteria have some validity, but due to lack of clarity on certain points, the criteria were considered to be problematic.

2. Change in the nature of membership was another proposed reform. Some insisted that ‘veto’ power of the permanent members of the Security Council should be abolished. But permanent members do not agree to such a reform. It is another major difficulty in reform.

3. Another difficulty was that how representation should be given to Asia, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean. But selection of the basis of representation i.e. geography, economic development, culture or civilisation etc creates a problem.
4.What steps should be taken to strengthen the UNO? (All Indin 2009; Delhi 2009)
Answer: In order to strengthen the UNO following steps can be taken:

1. Reform of the organisation’s structure and processes. This step should be taken :
2. To increase the permanent and non-permanent member in the UN Security Council so that it can represent contemporary world politics effective and better way.
3. To bring improvement in the UN’s budgetary procedure and its administration.
4. Review of the issues that fall within the jurisdiction of the organisation. It will facilitate the following:
5. Greater role of UN in maintaining world peace and security.
6. Limiting the role of UN to development and humanitarian work.

5.Explain any four reasons as to why India should be given a permanent membership in the UN Security Council. (Delhi to 2008)
Answer: The four reasons suggesting that India should be given a permanent membership in the UN Security Council are :

• India is the second most populous country which constitutes l/5th of the population of the world.
• India is also the world’s largest democracy.
• India actively participated in UN’s progrAllmes and played a material role in keeping and managing place and cooperation.
• The regular financial aid to UN and evolution of its economy support India’s desire to be the permanent member.

6.How are international organisation helpful to the nations? (Delhi to 2008)
Answer: International organisation can be helpful to nations following ways :

• They facilitate plateform where different countries can cooperate for better living condition for all of us.
• They help in managing the matter of war and peace.
• They provide mechanisms, rules and human resources to the member states to deal with issues and problems of global concern.
• They develop a sense of shared responsibility for shared problems such as terrorism, climate change, global warming etc.
• They produce important information and conduct research which can be helpful for international society to have better understanding of state of affairs.

6 Marks Questions
1.Describe the two basic reforms of the UN on which almost everyone agrees that they are necessary after the cold war. (Delhi 2016)
Answer: As reform and improvement are fundamental to any organisation, there have been demands for changes in the UN from different countries.
The nature of reforms that are desired are of two types:

• Reform of the organisation’s structure and processes.
• Review of the issues that fall within the jurisdiction of the organisation.

The structural reform’s major area was the functioning of the security council. This covers the increment of permanent and non-permanent members of UN Security Council so as to show in better way the realities of present world politics. Whereas the proposed increment should be from Asia, Africa and South America. The another area of reform for UN was its budgetary procedures and its administration.

When the areas of jurisdiction are taken, some states and experts wish that the UN should have more role in peace and security missions whereas others wish to restrict UN’s role in development and humanitarian work like health, education environment, population control, human rights, gender and social justice.
2.Which three complaints related to the UN Security Council were reflected in the resolution passed by the UN General Assembly in 1992? Describe any three criteria that have been proposed for new permanent members of the security council. (All India 2018)
OR
Describe any six criteria for the new membership of Security Council as suggested after 1997. (Delhi 2015)
Answer: In 1992, with a view to bring reforms in the UN Security Council, a resolution was adopted by the UN General Assembly.
The resolution was about following three main complaints:

• The security council is not adequately representing the present political realities.
• Decisions by security council are reflective of Western values and interests and dominance by a few powers.
• The representation is not on an equitable basis.

In view of reorganisation, UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan initiated an inquiry into the ways of reformation of UN on 1st January, 1997.

After the years of inquiry, following criteria have been suggested for the permanent and non-permanent members of Security Council.

For criteria,
To be a new member following criteria should be fulfilled:

• It should be a major economic power.
• It should contribute substantially to the UN budget.
• Population of the nation should be high.
• Nation should respect human rights and democracy.
• The inclusion of that country should make the security council look more vivid in terms of geography, economic systems and culture.
• It should be a major military power.

3.Describe the composition of the UN Security Council. What is the major difference in the privileges given to its permanent and non-permanent members? (All India 2016)
Answer: Composition of the UN Security Council. The Security Council is an important organ of the United Nations Organisation (UNO). It consists of five permanent members (China, United States of America, United Kingdom, Russia and France) and ten non-permanent members who are elected for a period of two years).

The selection of the permanent members were on the basis of their being powerful immediately after the Second World War and they being the victors in the war.
There is the major difference in the privileges given to the permanent and non-permanent members.

Privileges to Its Permanent and Non-Permanent Members The UN Charter gave the permanent members a privileged position to bring about stability in the world. After the Second World War the main privileges enjoyed by the permanent members are :

• Permanency
• Veto power

The non-permanent members are elected only for two years at a time and cannot be re-elected immediately after completing two years. They are elected in a manner so that they represent all continents of the world.

The non-permanent members do not have the veto power. When decisions are taken by security council, voting is done. All members have one vote. But the permanent members can vote in a negative manner so that even if all other permanent and non-permanent members vote for a particular decision, any permanent member’s negative vote can stall the decision. This negative vote is the veto.
4.Assess any six steps suggested since 2005 to make the United Nations more relevant in the changing context. (Delhi 2010)
Answer: The following steps were proposed to make the UN more relevant in the changing scenario :

• Peace building commission will be created.
• UN as an international community will accept its responsibility in case off failure of National Government to save their citizens from atrocities.
• Creation of Human Rights Council (operation since 19th June, 2006)
• Agreements regarding achievement of millennium development goals.
• To condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.
• Democracy fund will be created.
• Agreement regarding dissolving the trusteeship council.

5.How far did the UN perform its role successfully in maintaining peace in the world? Explain. (HOTS; All India 2010)
Answer: The UN performs its role successfully in maintaining peace in the world. This can be justified from the points below :

• US leaders, in spite of their frequent criticism of the UN, do see the organisation as serving a purpose in bringing together over 190 nations in dealing with conflict and social and economic development.
• The UN provides an arena in which it is possible to modify US attitudes and policies.
• Although the rest of the world is rarely united against Washington, and it is virtually impossible to ‘balance’ US power. However, the UN does provide a space within which argument against specific US attitudes and policies are heard and compromises and concessions can be shaped.
• The UN is an imperfect body, but without it the world would be worse off. Given the growing connections and links between societies and issues-what we often call interdependence-it is hard to imagine how more than seven billion people would live together without an organisation such as the UN.
• Technology promises to increase planetary interdependence, and therefore the importance of the UN will only increase.
• Peoples and governments also find ways of supporting and using the UN and other international organisations
  in ways that are consistent with their own interests and the interests of the international community more broadly.

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