Passage 1
The New Congress had something that its big opponents lacked—it had an issue, an agenda and a positive slogan. The Grand Alliance did not have a coherent political programme. Indira Gandhi said that the opposition alliance had only one common programme ‘Indira Hatao’. In contrast to this, she put forward a positive programme captured in the famous slogan ‘Garibi Hatao’.
QUESTION / ANSWER
1. Which Congress is being referred to as ‘the New Congress’?
Answer: Congress (O) is being referred to as the ‘New Congress’.
2. Highlight any two steps taken by Indira Gandhi to remove poverty.
Answer:. She focused on the growth of the public sector.
• She focused on the removal of dis-parities in income and opportunity.
- How far is it justified to call the ‘opposition alliance’ as the ‘Grand Alliance’?
Answer: It is justified to call the ‘opposition alliance’ as the ‘Grand Alliance’ because it came into existence to make matters worse for Indira Gandhi.
Passage 2
The defeat of the official Congress candidate formalised the split in the party. The Congress President expelled the Prime Minister from the party; she claimed that her group was the real Congress. By November 1969, the Congress group led by the ‘syndicate’ came to be referred to as the Congress (Organisation) and the group led by Indira Gandhi came to be called the Congress (Requisitionists). These two parties were also described as Old Congress and New Congress. Indira Gandhi projected the split as an ideological divide between socialists and conservatives, between the pro-poor and the pro-rich.
QUESTION / ANSWER
1. What formalised the split of Congress?
Answer:The defeat of official candidate during presidential elections in 1969.
2. Mention two groups created after the split
Answer:Congress (O) i.e. Organisation led by syndicate known as old Congress, Congress (R) i.e. requisitionists led by Indira Gandhi known as new Congress.
3. How did Indira Gandhi project the split?
Answer: Indira Gandhi projected the split as an ideological divide between socialists and conservatives, between pro-rich and pro-poor.
Passage 3
But does it mean that the Congress system was restored? What Indira Gandhi had done was not a revival of the old Congress party. In many ways she had re-invented the party. The party occupied a similar position in terms of its popularity as in the past. But it was a different kind of a party. It relied entirely on the popularity of the supreme leader. It had a somewhat weak organisational structure. This
Congress party now did not have many factions ,Thus it could not accommodate all kind of options and interests .While it won elections,it depends more on some social groups: the poor, the women,Dalits, Adivasis and the minorities.It was a new congress system by changing the nature of the congress system itself.
QUESTION / ANSWER
1. Had Indira Gandhi revived Congress?
Answer: No, whatever had been done by Indira Gandhi, was not a revival of old Congress system but it was a reinvention of party.
2. How did Indira Gandhi restore the Congress system?
Answer:Indira Gandhi restored the Congress system changing the nature of Congress system itself, to be dependent more on poor, women, dalits, Adivasis and minorities.
3. Why did Congress not have all kinds of opinions and interests?
Answer:It had a somewhat weak organisational structure and it did not have many factions also to accommodate all kinds of opinions and interests.
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