- Passage 1
On that day in Supa On 16 May 1875, the District Magistrate of Poona wrote to the Police Commissioner: On arrival at Supa on Saturday 15 May I learnt of the disturbance. One house of a moneylender was burnt down; about a dozen were forcibly broken into and completely gutted of their content. Account papers, bonds, grains, country cloth were burnt in the street where heaps of ashes are still to be seen. The chief constable apprehended 50 persons. Stolen property worth Rs 2000 was recovered. The estimated loss is over Rs 25,000. Moneylenders claim it is over 1 lakh. DECCAN RIOTS COMMISSION
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: What was the date of the disturbance in Supa?
Answer: The disturbance occurred on May 15, 1875.
Question 2: What actions did the District Magistrate of Poona take upon learning of the disturbance?
Answer: The District Magistrate of Poona wrote to the Police Commissioner about the incident.
Question 3: How many houses belonging to moneylenders were affected by the disturbance?
Answer: About a dozen houses were forcibly broken into and completely gutted of their content.
Question 4: How many individuals did the chief constable apprehend in connection with the disturbance?
Answer: The chief constable apprehended 50 persons.
Question 5: What was the estimated loss incurred during the disturbance?
Answer: The estimated loss was over Rs 25,000, although moneylenders claimed it to be over 1 lakh.
- Passage 2
Deeds of hire
When debts mounted the peasant was unable to pay back the loan to the moneylender. He had no option but to give over all his possessions – land, carts, and animals – to the moneylender. But without animals he could not continue to cultivate. So, he took land on rent and animals on hire. He now had to pay for the animals which had originally belonged to him. He had to sign a deed of hire stating very clearly that these animals and carts did not belong to him. In cases of conflict, these deeds could be enforced through the court. The following is the text of a deed that a peasant signed in November 1873, from the records of the Deccan Riots Commission: I have sold to you, on account of the debt due to you, my two carriages having iron axles, with their appurtenances and four bullocks … I have taken from you on hire under (this) deed the very same two carriages and four bullocks. I shall pay every month the hire thereof at Rupees four a month, and obtain a receipt in your own handwriting. In the absence of a receipt, I shall not contend that the hire had been paid.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: What possessions did the peasant have to give over to the moneylender when unable to pay back the loan?
Answer: The peasant had to give over his land, carts, and animals to the moneylender.
Question 2: Why did the peasant need to take land on rent and animals on hire after giving over his possessions?
Answer: The peasant needed to continue cultivation, and without animals, he could not do so.
Question 3: What document did the peasant sign to hire back the animals and carts?
Answer: The peasant signed a deed of hire.
Question 4: What was the monthly hire payment for the two carriages and four bullocks?
Answer: The monthly hire payment was Rupees four.
Question 5: What condition did the peasant agree to regarding the receipt of hire payment?
Answer: The peasant agreed that in the absence of a receipt, he would not contend that the hire had been paid.
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