Passage 1
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
Once it is realized that even though the level of income is important, yetit is an inadequate measure of the level of development, we begin tothink of another criterion. There could be a long list of such criterion butthen it would not be so useful. What we need is a small number of the most important things. Health and education indicators, such as the ones we used in comparison of Kerala and Haryana, are among them. Overthe past decade or so, health and education indicators have come tobe widely used along with income as a measure of development. Forinstance, Human Development Report published by UNDP comparescountries based on the educational levels of the people, their healthstatus and per capita income. It would be interesting to look at certain relevant data regarding India and its neighbours from Human Development Report 2021-22.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: According to the passage, what are some indicators besides income that are used to measure development?
Answer: Health and education indicators are used alongside income to measure development.
Question 2: What publication compares countries based on educational levels, health status, and per capita income?
Answer: The Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on these factors.
Question 3: Why is it emphasized in the passage that a small number of important criteria are more useful than a long list?
Answer: A small number of criteria are more useful because they allow for clearer comparisons and focus on the most significant aspects of development, such as health and education.
Question 4: What comparison between Indian states does the passage mention regarding health and education indicators?
Answer: The passage mentions a comparison between Kerala and Haryana based on health and education indicators.
Question 5: What is the significance of the Human Development Report according to the passage?
Answer: The Human Development Report is significant because it provides a comparative analysis of countries based on education levels, health status, and per capita income, offering insights into their overall development.
Passage 2
Groundwater in India
“Recent evidence suggests that the groundwater is under serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country. About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 metres during the past 20 years. Nearly one-third of the country is overusing them groundwater reserves. In another 25 years, 60 per cent of the country would be doing the same if the present way of using this resource continues. Groundwater overuse is particularly found in the agriculturally prosperous regions of Punjab and Western U.P., hard rock plateau areas of central and south India, some coastal areas and the rapidly growing urban settlements.”
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: What recent evidence regarding groundwater in India does the passage highlight?
Answer: The passage highlights that recent evidence suggests groundwater is under serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country.
Question 2: How many districts have reported a decline in water level of over 4 meters in the past 20 years according to the passage?
Answer: About 300 districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 meters during the past 20 years.
Question 3: What proportion of the country is currently overusing groundwater reserves?
Answer: Nearly one-third of the country is overusing groundwater reserves.
Question 4: Which regions in India are particularly noted for groundwater overuse according to the passage?
Answer: Groundwater overuse is particularly found in agriculturally prosperous regions like Punjab and Western U.P., hard rock plateau areas of central and south India, some coastal areas, and rapidly growing urban settlements.
Question 5: What projection does the passage make about the future of groundwater overuse in India if current practices continue?
Answer: If the present way of using groundwater continues, in another 25 years, 60 per cent of the country would be overusing groundwater reserves.
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