Question 1: Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following types of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable
Answer:
(d) Non-renewable
(ii) Under which of the following type of resources can tidal energy not be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable
Answer:
(a) Replenishable
(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over-irrigation
(d) Overgrazing
Answer:
(c) Over-irrigation
(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced?
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand
Answer:
(d) Uttarakhand
(v) In which of the following states is black soil predominantly found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
Answer:
(b) Maharashtra
Question 2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Answer:
3 states are
- Maharashtra
- Gujarat
- Madhya Pradesh
The crop grown is cotton.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Answer:
Alluvial soil in river deltas is fertile, ideal for crop cultivation due to its mix of sand, silt, and clay. It contains potash, lime, and phosphoric acid, perfect for crops like paddy and sugarcane.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas?
Answer:
Main farming techniques include contour ploughing, terrace farming, and strip cropping with grass between crops.
Question 3: Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain the land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61.
Answer:
- Land use is shaped by both natural factors like topography, climate, and soil, and human factors like population density, technology, and culture.
- The distribution of cultivated land varies significantly across states, with Punjab and Haryana having over 80% and states like Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Andaman Nicobar Islands having less than 10%.
- Forest cover falls short of the targeted 33% outlined in the National Forest Policy (1952), crucial for ecological balance.
- Wastelands, including rocky, arid, and desert areas, are utilized for non-agricultural purposes like settlements, roads, and industry. Prolonged land use without conservation measures has led to degradation.
(ii) How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Answer:
- Several factors contribute to resource depletion. Firstly, the pursuit of large-scale production has resulted in the overexploitation of resources, straining natural ecosystems.
- Additionally, technological advancements have facilitated increased resource extraction and utilization, exacerbating the problem. Moreover, improvements in medical and health resources have led to a surge in resource consumption, driven by growing population needs.
- These factors collectively contribute to the depletion of resources, posing challenges for sustainable development and necessitating the adoption of measures to promote responsible resource management and conservation practices.
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