Passage 1
Project Tiger
Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, the authorities realized that the tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century. The major threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc. The trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of extinction. Since India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population in the world, these two nations became prime targets for poaching and illegal trading. “Project Tiger”, one of the republicized wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched in 1973. Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with equal importance as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sundarbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam and Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala are some of the tiger reserves of India.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: When was Project Tiger launched?
Answer: Project Tiger was launched in 1973.
Question 2: What was the initial tiger population when Project Tiger began?
Answer: The tiger population was 1,827 when Project Tiger began.
Question 3: What are some major threats to the tiger population?
Answer: Major threats include poaching, habitat loss, depletion of prey, and human population growth.
Question 4: Which two countries provide habitat for two-thirds of the world’s surviving tiger population?
Answer: India and Nepal provide habitat for two-thirds of the world’s surviving tiger population.
Question 5: Name one of the tiger reserves mentioned in the passage.
Answer: Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand is mentioned as one of the tiger reserves.
Passage 2
Sacred groves – a wealth of diverse and rare species
Nature worship is an age-old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned. Certain societies revere a particular tree which they have preserved from time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees, and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To many of us, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred. Indian society comprises several cultures, each with its own set of traditional methods of conserving nature and its creations. Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants and animals which are closely protected. You will find troops of macaques and langurs around many temples. They are fed daily and treated as a part of temple devotees. In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck, (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms them.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: What are Sacred Groves?
Answer: Sacred Groves are patches of forests left untouched by local people, considered sacred and protected from interference.
Question 2: Name two trees worshipped by the Mundas and Santhal tribes.
Answer: The Mundas and Santhal tribes worship the mahua and kadamba trees.
Question 3: Which trees are worshipped during weddings in Odisha and Bihar?
Answer: Tamarind and mango trees are worshipped during weddings in Odisha and Bihar.
Question 4: What are some examples of animals protected as part of temple devotees?
Answer: Troops of macaques and langurs are protected and treated as part of temple devotees.
Question 5: Where can herds of blackbuck, nilgai, and peacocks be seen as an integral part of the community?
Answer: Herds of blackbuck, nilgai, and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community in and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan.
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