Learning Objective
- How do we assess democracy’s outcomes?
- Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
- Economic Growth and Development
- Reduction of Inequality and Poverty
- Accommodation of Social Diversity
- Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens
How do we assess democracy’s outcomes?
Democracy surpasses dictatorship in several aspects:
1. Promotes equality among citizens.
2. Enhances individual dignity.
3. Improves decision-making quality.
4. Provides conflict resolution methods.
5. Allows for correcting mistakes.
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
In democracy, citizens choose their rulers and maintain control over them. They participate in decision-making, ensuring accountability and responsiveness from the government. Democratic decision-making follows established norms and procedures, allowing citizens to access information and participate at will. Ultimately, democracy reflects the people’s preference for representatives elected by them.
Economic Growth and Development
Economic development hinges on various factors such as population size, global dynamics, international cooperation, and national economic priorities. Countries under democracy tend to exhibit higher rates of economic growth compared to those under dictatorship. Therefore, democracy is favored for its positive economic outcomes.
Economic Outcomes of Democracy
Relationship between democracy, economic growth, and inequalities:
1. Dictatorships exhibit slightly better economic growth, especially in poor countries, with negligible differences.
2. Democracies can display significant inequality.
3. Poorer sections face unequal opportunities within democracies.
Reduction of Inequality and Poverty
In democracies, despite equal electoral weight:
1. Ultra-rich hold disproportionate wealth, which steadily grows.
2. Bottom strata face declining incomes and resources.
3. Democracies struggle to reduce economic inequalities.
Accommodation of Social Diversity
Democracy excels in managing social differences and conflicts by fostering respect for diversity and facilitating negotiations. To achieve this effectively, democracy must meet two conditions:
1. The majority must collaborate with the minority to ensure governments represent the general view.
2. Majority rule implies that different persons and groups can form a majority in every decision or election.
Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens
Democracy promotes dignity and freedom, addressing women’s rights and caste inequalities sensitively. In India, it empowers disadvantaged castes for equality. Voters perceive their influence on government actions and their interests. Democratic scrutiny evolves with each success, fostering new demands. Complaints signify democracy’s efficacy in meeting societal needs.
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