Passage 1
We noted above that most federations that are formed by ‘holding
together’ do not give equal power to its constituent units. Thus, all States in the Indian Union do not have identical powers. Some States enjoy a
special status. States such as Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and
Mizoram enjoy special powers under certain provisions of the Constitution
of India (Article 371) due to their peculiar social and historical circumstances. These special powers are especially enjoyed in relation to the protection of land rights of indigenous peoples, their culture and also preferential employment in government services. Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house here. Similar special provisions exist for some other States of India as well.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: How do federations formed by ‘holding together’ differ in terms of power distribution to their constituent units?
Answer: Federations formed by ‘holding together’ do not give equal power to their constituent units, meaning all states do not have identical powers.
Question 2: Which states in the Indian Union enjoy special status under the Constitution of India?
Answer: States such as Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram enjoy special status under certain provisions of the Constitution of India (Article 371).
Question 3: What are the special powers granted to these states related to?
Answer: The special powers are related to the protection of land rights of indigenous peoples, their culture, and preferential employment in government services.
Question 4: Can Indians who are not permanent residents of these states buy land or houses there?
Answer: No, Indians who are not permanent residents of these states cannot buy land or houses there.
Question 5: What is the purpose of granting special provisions to some states in India?
Answer: The purpose of granting special provisions is to address the peculiar social and historical circumstances of these states, ensuring the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights and culture.
Passage 2
A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: Did the Indian Constitution give the status of national language to any one language?
Answer: No, the Indian Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language.
Question 2: What is the official language of India as identified by the Constitution?
Answer: Hindi is identified as the official language of India by the Constitution.
Question 3: Why were many safeguards put in place to protect other languages in India?
Answer: Safeguards were put in place because Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians, necessitating the protection of other languages.
Question 4: How many languages are recognized as Scheduled Languages by the Indian Constitution?
Answer: Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognized as Scheduled Languages by the Indian Constitution.
Question 5: How does the language policy affect government examinations and official work in states?
Answer: Candidates in Central Government examinations can opt to take the examination in any of the Scheduled Languages, and much of the government work in states takes place in the official language of the concerned state.
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