Passage 1
Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world tend to have two kinds of political parties: parties that are present in only one of the federal units and parties that are present in several or all units of the federation. This is the case in India as well. There are some country-wide parties, which are called ‘national parties’. These parties have their units in various states. But by and large, all these units follow the same policies, programmes and strategy that is decided at the national level. Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission. While the Commission treats all parties equally, it offers some special facilities to large and established parties. These parties are given a unique symbol – only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol. Parties that get this privilege and some other special facilities are recognised’ by the Election Commission for this purpose. That is why these parties are called, ‘recognised political parties’. The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party must get in order to be a recognised party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognized as a state party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: What are the two kinds of political parties found in federal democracies?
Answer: In federal democracies, there are parties that are present only in one federal unit and parties that are present in several or all units of the federation.
Question 2: How are country-wide parties in India classified?
Answer: Country-wide parties in India are classified as ‘national parties’. These parties have units in various states and generally follow the same policies, programmes, and strategies decided at the national level.
Question 3: What special privileges do large and established political parties enjoy in India?
Answer: Large and established political parties in India are given a unique election symbol, exclusive to their official candidates. They also receive special facilities from the Election Commission.
Question 4: What criteria does a party need to meet to be recognized as a State party by the Election Commission?
Answer: A party must secure at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and win at least two seats to be recognized as a state party.
Question 5: How does a party become recognized as a national party in India according to the Election Commission?
Answer: A party must secure at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states, and win at least four seats in the Lok Sabha to be recognized as a national party by the Election Commission.
Passage 2
In some countries, only one party is allowed to control and rune the government. These are called one-party systems. In Class IX, we noted that in China, only the Communist Party is allowed to rule. Although, legally speaking, people are free to from political parties, it does not happen because the electoral system does not permit free competition for power. We one name system as a good option because this is not a democratic option, democratic system must allow at least two parties to compete in elections and provide a tax chance tor the competing parties to come to power.
Questions / Answer:
Question 1: What is meant by a one-party system in government?
Answer: A one-party system refers to a political system where only one party is allowed to control and govern the country.
Question 2: Which country was cited in the passage as an example of a one-party system?
Answer: China was cited as an example where only the Communist Party is allowed to rule.
Question 3: Is it legally possible for people to form political parties in countries with a one-party system?
Answer: Yes, legally people are free to form political parties in such countries, but the electoral system does not permit free competition for power.
Question 4: Why is a one-party system not considered democratic according to the passage?
Answer: A one-party system is not considered democratic because a democratic system should allow at least two parties to compete in elections and provide a fair chance for competing parties to come to power.
Question 5: What does the passage suggest is essential for a system to be democratic?
Answer: The passage suggests that for a system to be democratic, it must allow at least two parties to compete in elections and ensure fair opportunities for different parties to gain power through elections.
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