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CBSE Class 10th Political Science NCERT Question and Answer Chapter 2 Federalism

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Question 1: Locate the following States on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.

Answer.

Green – Sikkim

Blue – Manipur

Orange – Chhattisgarh

Red – Goa

Question 2: Identify and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of the world.

Answer.

  1. South Africa
  2. Pakistan
  3. Australia

Question 3: Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.

Answer.

Similarity: Both India and Belgium practice federalism, with power-sharing between the central (union) government and state governments.

Difference: Unlike Belgium, India lacks a community government system in practice.

Question 4: What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.

Answer.

Federal FormUnitary Form
There is a sharing of power between union and state government.The power is centralised with the union government, and there is no role of state governments.
Example – India (India is a federal country with union government at the centre and state governments at the state level and Panchayati Raj at the local level.)Example – Sri Lanka (The national government has all the powers.)

Question 5: State any two differences between the local government before and after the constitutional amendment in 1992.

Answer.

Local Government Pre-1992Local Government Post Constitutional Amendment 1992
Elections to these local governments were not held regularlyNow, it is constitutionally mandated to hold regular elections to local government bodies
Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own.The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from state to state.

Question 6: Fill in the blanks:

Since the United States is a ___________________ type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are ______________vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a _____________________ type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the ____________ government has more powers.

Answer.

Since the United States is a coming together type of the federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are strong vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the central government has more powers.

Question 7: Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions.

Sangeeta: The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.

Arman: the Language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.

Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.

Answer.

Sangeeta’s mentioned policy of accommodation is a fitting response to India’s language policy. It fosters unity among states with diverse languages. Without this accommodation, states might have considered separation.

Question 8: The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:

  1. The national government gives some powers to the provincial governments.
  2. Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
  3. Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
  4. Governmental power is divided between different levels of government

Answer.

d. Governmental power is divided between different levels of government

Question 9: A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.

  1. Defence
  2. Police
  3. Agriculture
  4. Education
  5. Banking
  6. Forests
  7. Communications
  8. Trade
  9. Marriages
 
Union List   
State List   
Concurrent List   

Answer.

Union ListDefenceCommunicationsBanking
State ListPoliceAgricultureTrade
Concurrent ListEducationForestsMarriages

Question 10: Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

State governmentState List
Central governmentUnion List
Central and State governmentsConcurrent List
Local governmentsResiduary powers

Answer.

Local governmentsResiduary powers

Question 11: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-IList-II
Union of IndiaPrime Minister
StateSarpanch
Municipal CorporationGovernor
Gram PanchayatMayor

Answer.

List-IList-II
Union of IndiaPrime Minister
StateGovernor
Municipal CorporationMayor
Gram PanchayatSarpanch

Question 12: Consider the following two statements.

  1. In a federation, the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly demarcated.
  2. India is a federation because the powers of the Union and State Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
  3. Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.
  4. India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been devolved to the local government bodies.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A, B and C
  2. A, C and D
  3. A and B only
  4. B and C only

Answer.

(c) A and B only

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