1 MARKS QUESTIONS π‘
β Question 1: What is the meaning of Mesopotamia?
β
Answer: Mesopotamia means βmiddle riverβ and refers to the land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. πποΈ
β Question 2: Name the urbanized southern region of Mesopotamia.
β
Answer: Sumer and Akkad. ποΈ
β Question 3: What region came to be called Babylonia after 2000 BCE?
β
Answer: The southern region. π
β Question 4: Who established their kingdom in the northern region around 1100 BCE?
β
Answer: The Assyrians. π‘οΈ
β Question 5: What was the first known language of Mesopotamia?
β
Answer: Sumerian. π£οΈ
β Question 6: What does cuneiform mean?
β
Answer: βWedge-shaped letters.β πΊβοΈ
β Question 7: When did writing begin in Mesopotamia?
β
Answer: In 3200 BCE. πβ³
β Question 8: What was the material used for writing in Mesopotamia?
β
Answer: Clay tablets. π§±βοΈ
β Question 9: What does the term βcuneiformβ refer to?
β
Answer: Wedge-shaped signs in Mesopotamian writing. πΊπ
β Question 10: What did the sound represented by a cuneiform sign in Mesopotamia represent?
β
Answer: Syllables. π‘
β Question 11: What is the significance of the Euphrates River in Mesopotamian trade?
β
Answer: The Euphrates River served as a major route for the transport of goods in Mesopotamia. π’π
β Question 12: What does the term βcuneiformβ literally mean?
β
Answer: βWedge-shaped letters.β βοΈπΊ
β Question 13: In what region did the Assyrians establish their kingdom around 1100 BCE?
β
Answer: The northern region, which came to be called Assyria. ποΈβοΈ
β Question 14: How did Mesopotamians write on clay tablets?
β
Answer: Mesopotamians impressed wedge-shaped signs on wet clay with the sharp end of a reed. πΎπ
β Question 15: What was the primary reason for the development of writing in Mesopotamia?
β
Answer: Writing began when society needed to keep records of transactions. ππ
3 MARKS QUESTIONS π
β Question 1: Describe the geography of Mesopotamia and its impact on early human settlements.
β
Answer:
- Mesopotamia, located between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, had diverse environments including plains, mountains, and deserts. π
- The south was fertile, while the north was pastoral. πΎπ
- Rivers provided fertile silt, but periodic floods and changes in river courses led to challenges in settlement. πβ οΈ
β Question 2: Explain the significance of urbanization in Mesopotamia.
β
Answer:
- Urban centers were hubs of economic activities like trade, manufacturing, and services. ποΈπΌ
- Cities relied on trade for resources, and the division of labor played a key role in social organization. ποΈ
- Urbanization fostered the need for written records and administration. βοΈπ
β Question 3: What were the three kinds of cities that developed in southern Mesopotamia?
β
Answer:
- Cities around temples β Religious and economic hubs. ποΈ
- Trade centers β Linked to long-distance commerce. π’
- Imperial cities β Centers of political power. π
5 MARKS QUESTIONS π
β Question 1: Discuss the role of trade in the urbanization of Mesopotamia.
β
Answer:
- Trade Networks: Mesopotamia traded with regions like Turkey and Iran. π£οΈ
- Goods like wood, copper, tin, and precious stones were imported, while textiles and food were exported. πͺ΅π₯£
- Transportation: Canals and the Euphrates River facilitated trade, becoming major world routes. ππ€
- Urban Development: Trade fueled urbanization, making cities economic hubs and creating wealth. π°ποΈ
β Question 2: Elaborate on the system of writing in Mesopotamia, focusing on the evolution of cuneiform.
β
Answer:
- Writing began around 3200 BCE with picture-like signs and numbers. πΌοΈπ’
- By 2600 BCE, cuneiform (wedge-shaped symbols) became the dominant script. πΊπ
- Writing was essential for record-keeping, legal documentation, and narrating the deeds of kings. ππ
- Literacy was limited to kings and elites, and schools were created for reading and copying earlier tablets. π«π
β Question 3: Analyze the significance of temples in Mesopotamian cities.
β
Answer:
- Evolution: Temples started as small shrines and grew into large institutions. ποΈ
- Economic Functions: Temples organized production activities like oil pressing, grain grinding, and weaving. π οΈ
- Social Organization: Temples played a vital role in wealth distribution and social cohesion. βοΈ
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