Question 1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
Answer: (d) Tropical Evergreen
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) less than 50 cm
Answer: (a) 100 cm
(iii) In which of the following state is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
Answer: (c) Orissa
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bioreserve?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Nanda devi
Answer: (a) Manas
Question 2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
Answer:
Bio-reserves are the large areas where vegetation, wildlife and the environment are conserved to preserve the biological diversity. In totality there are 14 bio-reserves in India. For e.g. Sunder bans Bio-reserve in West Bengal and Nanda Devi Bio-reserve in Uttaranchal.
(ii) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
Answer:
Tropical animals: Tiger, Elephant Montane animals: Snow Leopard, Spotted dear
Question 3. Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
Answer:
- Flora
The flora of a country consists of plant kingdom of that country. It covers trees in the forests, other flowering and non-flowering frees grown by man, grassland, scrubs, fens, etc. India possesses about 47,000 different species of plants and 5,000 of them are exclusively found in India.
- Fauna
The fauna of a country consists of birds, fish and animals. It also includes amphibians, reptiles, mammals, small insects and worms. The fauna of India is quite rich and varied. There are about 89,000 species in India.
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests
Answer:
- Tropical Evergreen Forests:
- Evergreen forests (or Tropical Rain Forests) are found on the rainy parts of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- Ebony, mahogany and rosewood are the most important trees of the Evergreen Forests. Teak is the most dominant species of the deciduous forests. Other trees found here are bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood and khair.
- Deciduous Forests:
- Deciduous forests are found mostly in the eastern parts of the country – northeastern states along the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Orissa and Chhattisgarh and the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.
- Trees of the Evergreen Forests don’t shed their leaves at one and the same time, so these forests remain evergreen. The trees of the deciduous Forests shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in summer.
Question 4. Name different types of Vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes
Answer:
The different types of vegetation found in India are:
(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(iii) Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
(iv) Montane Forests
(v) Mangrove Forests
Alpine vegetation is found at places over 3,600 m in height. The trees common to these are silver fir, junipers, pines and birches. The trees get stunted as they reach the snow line. There are shrubs and scrubs that ultimately merge into Alpine grasslands. Tundra vegetation is limited to lichens and mosses.
Question 5. Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Answer:
Few species of plants and animals are endangered in India because of:
- Increase in population.
- Urbanization and Industrialization.
- Large scale deforestation.
- Pollution.
- Hunting for pleasure and commercial purpose, etc.
Question 6. Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Answer:
Our country India is one of the twelve-mega bio-diversity countries of the world. With about 47,000 plant species India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. There are about 15,000 flowering plants in India, which account for 6 percent in the world’s total number of flowering plants. The country has many non-flowering plants such as ferns, algae and fungi. India also as 89,000 species of animals as well as a rich variety of fish in its fresh and marine waters.
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