Learning Objective
- Location
- Size
- India and the World
- India’s Neighbours
Location
- India is lying entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, as shown in the figure below.
- The land extends between latitudes 8°4’N and 37°6’N and longitudes 68°7’E and 97°25’E.
- The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’N) divides India into almost two equal parts.
Size
India, with its vast and diverse landscape, holds a significant place on the global map. Covering approximately 2.4% of the world’s total geographical area, it ranks as the 7th largest country in terms of size.
Here are some key facts about India’s geography:
- Land Boundary: India shares a land boundary of approximately 15,200 kilometers.
- Coastline: The mainland coastline stretches for 7,516.6 kilometers, including the coastal regions of Andaman and Nicobar Islands as well as Lakshadweep.
- Mountain Boundaries: India is surrounded by mountains in the northwest, north, and northeast. Beyond the 22° north latitude, it gradually narrows and extends toward the Indian Ocean, creating two distinct seas: the Arabian Sea to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east.
- Standard Time: The time along the Standard Meridian of India (82°30’E), passing through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh, serves as the standard time for the entire country.
India and the World
- Central Location: India occupies a central position between East and West Asia.
- Southward Extension: It extends southward from the Asian continent.
- Trans-Indian Ocean Routes: These routes connect Europe in the West with East Asia.
- Long Coastline: India boasts the longest coastline on the Indian Ocean.
- Historical Contacts: India has maintained continuous interactions with the world over time.
- Trade and Influence: Indian spices, muslin, and other goods were traded globally. Additionally, Greek sculpture and architectural styles from West Asia have left their mark on various parts of India.
India’s Neighbours
India has 28 states and eight Union Territories. India shares its land boundaries with:
- Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest
- China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north
- Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east
- The southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two island countries, Sri Lanka and Maldives. India has had strong geographical and historical links with its neighbours.
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