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CBSE Class 9th Geography Notes Chapter 4 Climate

Learning Objective

The elements of weather and climate are the same, i.e. temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation. On the basis of the monthly atmospheric conditions, the year is divided into seasons such as:

Climatic Controls

The climate of any place depends on the following factors:

Factors Affecting India’s Climate

Latitude

Altitude

Pressure and Winds:

Jet streams are fast-flowing, narrow, meandering air currents in the atmosphere.

The Seasons

4 main seasons can be identified in India:

The Cold Weather Season (Winter)

Winter begins in mid-November in northern India and stays till February.

Hot Weather Season (Summer):

Advancing Monsoon (The Rainy Season)

  1. South-East Trade Winds:

Retreating/Post Monsoons (The Transition Season)

  1. October-November Transition:

Monsoon Retreat:

Second Half of October:

Distribution of Rainfall

Monsoon as a Unifying Bond

“Monsoons in India bring rhythmic seasons, eagerly awaited by people across the country. These winds provide vital water for agricultural activities.”

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