Passage 1:
Natural Vegetation in India
India is home to a rich variety of natural vegetation due to its diverse climate and topography. The country’s natural vegetation can be broadly classified into forests, grasslands, and desert vegetation. The forest regions can further be divided into tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, temperate forests, and alpine vegetation. Tropical rainforests are found in the western and eastern coasts of India, and they receive a large amount of rainfall throughout the year. These forests are home to a wide variety of plant species such as mahogany, rosewood, and ebony. Tropical deciduous forests are found in regions with moderate rainfall, and their trees shed leaves during the dry season. These forests are spread across much of India’s plains and are home to species like teak, sal, and sandalwood.
Questions:
Question 1:
What are the three major types of natural vegetation found in India?
Answer:
The three major types of natural vegetation found in India are forests, grasslands, and desert vegetation.
Question 2:
Where are tropical rainforests found in India?
Answer:
Tropical rainforests are found on the western and eastern coasts of India.
Question 3:
What is the characteristic feature of tropical deciduous forests?
Answer:
The characteristic feature of tropical deciduous forests is that their trees shed leaves during the dry season.
Question 4:
Name two tree species found in tropical rainforests.
Answer:
Two tree species found in tropical rainforests are mahogany and rosewood.
Question 5:
What type of natural vegetation is found in areas with moderate rainfall in India?
Answer:
Tropical deciduous forests are found in areas with moderate rainfall in India.
Passage 2:
Wildlife in India
India is known for its incredible wildlife diversity. The country’s varied climate and topography provide suitable habitats for a wide range of species. In the Himalayan region, animals like the snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, and the red panda thrive. In the grasslands and plains, animals like the Indian rhinoceros, wild buffalo, and the Bengal tiger can be found. The dense forests of India are home to various species of deer, elephants, and monkeys. India also has a rich birdlife, with species like the peacock, hornbill, and various types of eagles and vultures. Conservation efforts have helped in protecting many endangered species, such as the Asiatic lion and the Bengal tiger, through wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.
Questions:
Question 1:
Which animals are found in the Himalayan region of India?
Answer:
In the Himalayan region of India, animals like the snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, and red panda are found.
Question 2:
What is the Bengal tiger’s natural habitat in India?
Answer:
The Bengal tiger’s natural habitat is found in the grasslands and plains of India.
Question 3:
What efforts have been made to protect endangered species in India?
Answer:
Conservation efforts, such as the establishment of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, have been made to protect endangered species.
Question 4:
Name two bird species found in India.
Answer:
Two bird species found in India are the peacock and the hornbill.
Question 5:
Which animals are commonly found in India’s dense forests?
Answer:
In India’s dense forests, species like deer, elephants, and monkeys are commonly found.
Passage 3:
Threats to Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Natural vegetation and wildlife in India face many threats due to human activities. Deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization are the main causes of habitat destruction. As forests are cleared for agriculture and urban development, many species lose their natural habitats. Poaching and hunting are also significant threats, especially to endangered species like the tiger and the rhinoceros. Climate change, with rising temperatures and erratic rainfall patterns, further endangers ecosystems and wildlife. Invasive species also pose a threat by competing with native species for food and space. To combat these threats, it is essential to adopt sustainable development practices and strengthen wildlife protection laws.
Questions:
Question 1:
What are the main causes of habitat destruction in India?
Answer:
The main causes of habitat destruction in India are deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization.
Question 2:
How does poaching affect wildlife in India?
Answer:
Poaching affects wildlife in India by threatening endangered species like tigers and rhinoceroses, leading to their decline.
Question 3:
What is the impact of climate change on natural vegetation and wildlife?
Answer:
Climate change impacts natural vegetation and wildlife by altering ecosystems, causing changes in temperature and rainfall patterns that endanger species.
Question 4:
How do invasive species threaten native species in India?
Answer:
Invasive species threaten native species by competing for food and space, which can lead to the decline of native species.
Question 5:
What measures can be taken to protect natural vegetation and wildlife in India?
Answer:
Measures to protect natural vegetation and wildlife include adopting sustainable development practices and strengthening wildlife protection laws.
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