Question 1. Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Answer:
Versailles Treaty:
- Dispossessed Germany of territories, resources, and pride.
- Imposed a hefty war compensation of 6 billion pounds.
- Despite harsh terms, the Weimar Republic accepted the treaty, making it unpopular.
Economic Crisis:
- Overwhelming war debts led to financial crisis.
- Gold reserves depleted; German mark lost value.
- Essential goods prices soared.
Political Defects:
- Weakness due to constitutional irregularities.
- Proportional representation and Article 48.
- Democratic system failed to provide solutions during severe economic crisis.
Question 2. Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Answer:
Great Depression:
- The Weimar Republic failed to address economic woes.
- Hitler emerged as a savior during this crisis.
Hitler’s Speeches:
- Promised to build a great nation.
- Undo Versailles Treaty injustice.
- Restore German dignity and provide employment.
Unique Propaganda:
- Red banners, Swastika, Nazi salute.
- Applause and allure made Nazism popular.
Question 3. What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Answer:
- The peculiar features of Nazi thinking were
- A belief in racial hierarchy Lebensraum or living space.
- Nordic German Aryans were at the top, while the Jews formed the lowest rung of the racial ladder.
- They believed that only the strongest race would survive and rule.
- New territories must be gained for enhancing the natural resources and power of Germany.
Question 4. Explain why Nazi propaganda was effective in creating a hatred for Jews.
Answer:
Language and Media:
- Nazis used language and media carefully.
- Racial theory labeled Jews as undesirable.
Christian Prejudice:
- Exploited existing Christian hatred toward Jews.
- Accusations of killing Christ fueled prejudice.
Indoctrination of Children:
- Injected hatred into young minds during schooling.
- Jewish teachers dismissed; Jewish children expelled.
Propaganda Films:
- Stereotyped Orthodox Jews.
- Example: “The Eternal Jew.”
Question 5. Explain what role women had in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.
Answer:
In Nazi society, women were confined to traditional roles, emphasizing motherhood and household duties. Aryan women were valued, but only if they produced “desirable” offspring. In contrast, during the French Revolution, women actively fought for education, equal wages, and political participation. They formed clubs and gained compulsory schooling rights.
Question 6. In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?
Answer:
- Propaganda: The Nazis used posters and films to glorify their behavior.
- Media Influence: Carefully controlled media helped win support for the regime.
- Manipulating Emotions: Nazism played on people’s emotions, turning their anger against those labeled as “undesirable.”
- Surveillance and Security: Special forces were created to maintain control.
- Police Power: Police forces ruled with impunity.
- Genocide and Fear: Repression and fear from genocide solidified their total control.
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