LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 🎯
- JAPAN 🇯🇵
- The Meiji Restoration 🏯
- Aggressive Nationalism 🔥
- Westernization and Tradition 🌍
- Overcoming Modernity 💡
- Re-emergence of Japan as a Global Economic Power 💰
- CHINA 🇨🇳 – Physical Features 🏞️
- Establishing the Republic 🏛️
- The Rise of the Communist Party of China ✊
- Establishing the New Democracy (1949-65) 📆
- Conflicting Visions (1965-78) ⚖️
- Reforms of 1978 (Deng Xiaoping) 📈
- The Story of Taiwan 🇹🇼
- Story of Korea 🇰🇷
- A Post-War Nation 🕊️
- Rapid Industrialization under Strong Leadership 🚧
- Continued Economic Growth and Calls for Democratization 📊
- Korean Democracy and the IMF Crisis 💸
- Two Roads to Modernization 🛤️
JAPAN 🇯🇵
Political System 🏛️
- 12th Century: Power shifted from the imperial court to the Shoguns.
- 1603-1867: Tokugawa family ruled; country divided into 250 domains led by Daimyos.
- Samurai served as the fighting class ⚔️.
Three Changes 🔄
- Disarmed Peasantry: Only samurai could carry swords, ensuring peace.
- Daimyos’ Autonomy: Lived in their capitals for better control.
- Land Surveys: Identified landowners and tax-payers, stabilizing revenue.
The Meiji Restoration 🏯
- 1853: Commodore Matthew Perry demanded trade; led to political change.
- 1868: Shogun removed; emperor moved to Edo (Tokyo).
Aggressive Nationalism 🇯🇵🔥
- Limited Franchise: Meiji Constitution established a parliament (Diet).
- 1918-30: Cabinets formed by popularly elected PMs.
Westernization and Tradition 🌍
- Fukuzawa Yukichi: Japan must expel Asia 🌏.
- Miyake Setsu Rei: Countries should develop unique features.
- Ueki Emori: Advocated for constitutional government and women’s rights 👩⚖️.
Overcoming Modernity 💡
- 1943 Symposium debated rescuing music from sensory stimulation.
- Nishitani Keiji: Argued Japan’s moral strength helped it escape colonialism.
Re-emergence as a Global Economic Power 💰
- Post-WWII: Japan demilitarized, new constitution introduced.
- Article 9: No war clause.
- Economic reforms and revival of political parties led to a post-war miracle 🚀.
CHINA 🇨🇳 – Physical Features 🏞️
- Vast country with Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers.
- Rich regional diversity in food 🍜.
Modern History Issues 📰
- Sovereignty: Regaining it.
- Ending foreign humiliation.
- Equality and development.
Establishing the Republic 🏛️
- 1911: Sun Yat-Sen overthrew the Manchu dynasty.
- Three Principles: Nationalism, democracy, socialism.
The Rise of the Communist Party of China ✊
- Japanese Invasion (1937) weakened the Guomindang.
- Mao Zedong emerged as a leader focusing on peasantry.
Establishing New Democracy (1949-65) 📆
- New government based on New Democracy principles.
- Great Leap Forward aimed at rapid industrialization.
Conflicting Visions (1965-78) ⚖️
- Cultural Revolution: Campaign against old customs led by Red Guards.
Reforms of 1978 (Deng Xiaoping) 📈
- Four Modernizations: Science, industry, agriculture, defense.
The Story of Taiwan 🇹🇼
- Japanese Colony until 1945.
- Transformation into a democracy post-Chiang Kai-shek’s death.
Story of Korea 🇰🇷
- Annexed by Japan (1910); calls for independence grew.
- Post-WWII: Division along the 38th parallel led to two nations.
A Post-War Nation 🕊️
- Korean War: Heavy casualties and economic delays.
- Democratic Movement emerged against military rule.
Rapid Industrialization under Strong Leadership 🚧
- Park Chung Hee: Implemented export-oriented policies.
- Shift from light to heavy industry for growth.
Continued Economic Growth and Calls for Democratization 📊
- 1980: Gwangju Democratization Movement.
- 1987: First direct presidential elections.
Korean Democracy and the IMF Crisis 💸
- 1992: Civilian leadership elected after decades of military rule.
- 1997 financial crisis led to IMF support.
Two Roads to Modernization 🛤️
- Japan retained independence and traditional skills, while China faced humiliation and imperialism.
- Japan and China pursued different paths toward modernization
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